Byproduct mineral commodities used for the production of. Harvey c, jai prakash singh a, jing chai a, yan wang a, armin g. If water penetrates the solar panel the leakage current rises due increasing conductivity of the encapsulation enc material. Highlights most industrial crystalline silicon solar cells suffer from some type of lightinduced degradation lid. By the end of last year, jinko had over 15,000 employees and five production sites.
Ideally, the solar panels are expected to last and display its optimum performance for 20 years. H thin film solar cells, which suffer from the staeblerwronski effect 1. Pid potential induced degradation is a phenomenon that negatively affects the cells of pv modules. Pid can significantly reduce the power output of a photovoltaic pv module within the first year of operation, with. However, in only 2 to 3 years time, potential induced degradation happens and solar panel deficit takes place faster. Jun 03, 2011 after several hours of exposure to sunlight, silicon solar cells experience light induced degradation, which can decrease their efficiency by up to 10%. Lightinduced degradation is a wellknown issue for hydrogenated amorphous silicon asi. Potentialinduced degradation pid of csi solar cells.
Eliminating lightinduced degradation in commercial p. Installation of flexible thinfilm solar panels designed for use on commercial buildings. Test setups are presented for simulation of the pid in the lab and the influence of cell properties on pid is demonstrated in order to reveal the cell being the precondition for the pid. In this paper, we show the typical timedependent behavior of solar cell parameters during light soaking, and the effect of thermal annealing. What is pid and how can you reduce solar power loss.
Aberle ae and seeram ramakrishna ab a solar energy research institute of singapore seris, national university of singapore, singapore 117574. Behavior of the potentialinduced degradation of photovoltaic. The term solar panel is used colloquially for a photovoltaic pv module. The cause of the harmful leakage currents, besides the structure of the solar cell, is the voltage of the individual photovoltaic pv.
To compare the effect of temperature on reaction rate and degradation level to find out the correlation between leakage current and power reduction to compare and evaluate the rate of degradation among fresh, thermal cycling tc and damp heat dh samples to understand what type of samples are suitable for pid test. This material saving also allows more sophisticated solar cells to be used cost effectively, resulting in higher efficiency due to the combined effects of better solar cells and concentrated sunlight. Potential induced degradation pid has received considerable attention in recent years due to its detrimental impact on photovoltaic pv module performance under field conditions. Potential induced degradation in photovoltaic modules. Nowadays the potential induced degradation has been brought up as an obstacle problem for practical use. In the existing models the pid is due to the high voltages forcing the sodium ions to diffuse from glass through encapsulate and accumulating on the surface of cell. Potentialinduced degradation in photovoltaic modules based. The measured values differ strongly from approximately 9 % to values of of multicrystalline solar cells. In 2007, pid was reported in a number of solar panels from evergreen solar photon 12008 and 8 2008.
The factors that can cause pid include voltage, heat and humidity and most solar modules are exposed to the combination of these factors during their working life. So investigating pid for standard silicon cells can not only avoid significant power degradation in future systems. This paper is focusing on potential induced degradation pid of wafer based standard ptype silicon technology once exposed to external potentials in the field. Potential induced degradation solar modules manufacturer. The scope of this paper is to analyze experimentally the potential induced degradation pid in organic solar cells. Pid is an undesirable effect on of some solar modules. The interaction of enc material, back sheet foil, glass, and frame is resulting in certain leakage current paths as illustrated in figure 2. Underperformance is the major result of potential induced degradation pid to the solar panels that you have invested on. To that end, organic solar cells are manufactured and are then undergone a series of voltagedependent degradation and timedependent voltage degradation tests.
Lightinduced degradation in amorphous silicon thin film solar cells. This paper deals with the dependence of the potentialinduced degradation pid of. Preprint to be published in the proceedings of the 31st european photovoltaic solar energy conference, 1418 september 2015, hamburg, germany 1 a new light induced volume degradation effect of mcsi solar cells and modules. Light photon energy electric energy silicon solar photovoltaic cells a device made of semiconductor materials that produce electricity under light a pn junction is created in silicon by a doping process. The potential induced degradation is one of the biggest problems for practical use of solar cell panels. May 16, 2016 all these measurements suggest that the photocurrent degradation in solar cells is truly induced by light soaking.
Lightinduced degradation in amorphous silicon thin film. If some cells in a module remain at the original shortcircuit value, the modules short circuit value is. Potential induced degradation pid sma solar technology. Eu pvsec proceedings potential induced degradation of solar. Potential induced degradation pid is a common phenomenon causing pv panels to lose power generation by up to 80%. Over the last decade, potential induced degradation pid has been proven to be one of the major and most frequently occurring reliability issues of crystalline silicon photovoltaic pv cells and modules. The degradation could be high as 30% or even up to 70% in some cases. Potentialinduced degradation in photovoltaic modules. Pdf a solar cell is an electronic device which directly converts sunlight into electricity. Potential induced degradation of solar cells and panels j. This effect may cause power loss of up to 30 percent. Most solar power is produced using csi panels, meaning over 50% of solar capacity is at risk of pid loses.
Pid results in a very strong power decrease of csi solar modules. In gridconnected pv systems, solar panels are typically connected in series to. Department of energy laboratory operated by midwest research institute battelle bechtel contract no. Pdf potential induced degradation of solar cells and. Potential induced degradation, either reversible or not, is present in all types of csi crystalline silicon pv cells and was first described back in the 1970s 2. Experimental analysis of the potential induced degradation.
Potentialinduced degradation at interdigitated back contact. Potential induced degradation pid is a potential induced performance degradation in crystalline photovoltaic modules, caused by socalled stray currents. Power reduction may occur over time or can happen within days or weeks. Standard silicon solar cells with a front side emitter may suffer. Pdf potential induced degradation of solar cells and panels. It also can be considered as a clear track for the reduction of the overall degradation of a panel is therefore a. H solar cells, deposited by vhfpecvd, have, at first, been considered not to be affected by light. Potential induced degradation, reliability, inversion layer, solar cells, theoretical model. Light induced degradation of 24 solar cells from one average cell efficiency class.
Physics of potentialinduced degradation in bifacial p. The solar cells configuration has an influence on the charge carrier density of the silicon used and the chemical composition of the antiglare coating. This phenomenon known as pid potential induced degradation is characterized by the progressive performance deterioration of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, due to the presence of an electrical current induced in the module 46. After several hours of exposure to sunlight, silicon solar cells experience lightinduced degradation, which can decrease their efficiency by up to 10%. Potential induced degradation also called pid is a potential induced. The panels are made out of thinfilm solar cells from a combination of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium.
All these measurements suggest that the photocurrent degradation in solar cells is truly induced by light soaking. Study raises questions on what causes silicon solar cell. Potential induced degradation of solar cells and panels. In order to determine the cause of this kind of degradation, numerical simulation by a finite difference time domain method has been performed for computational electromagnetics in the case that the thunder attacks the solar modules. Potentialinduced degradation pid is a potentialinduced performance degradation in crystalline photovoltaic modules, caused by socalled stray currents. Introduction of a novel test approach and explanation 835 in this paper, a method to test the resistance against pid on the solarcell level close to. Detecting pid on a pv system by comparing output data, is difficult. Nanostructures improve the efficiency of solar cells. What is pid potential induced dagradation explained. Pid causes an accelerated degradation in performance which expands exponentially. Wei luo ab, yong sheng khoo a, peter hacke c, volker naumann d, dominik lausch d, steven p. Potentialinduced degradation pid can be understood as a designation for aging effects which arise due to. It is a process which occurs only a few years after installation. Potential induced degradation of photovoltaic modules.
Potentialinduced degradation pid has received considerable attention in. On the other hand, hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon csi. This degradation mechanism is called potential induced degradation pid9. Working principle of silicon solar pv cells photovoltaic material of device converts. Both crystalline silicon csi and thinfilm pv modules are susceptible to pid.
Sep 03, 2015 potential induced degradation pid is a phenomena that has only recently become a concern in the photovoltaic industry. However, pid can also be stopped or minimized on panel and system. Lightactivated photocurrent degradation and selfhealing in. Impact of potential induced degradation on solar pv module. Potential differences between in a string connected pvcells and the ground potential cause a leakage current as early as 1978 and in the nineties leakage current driven electrochemical corrosion and polarization effects of crystalline and thinfilm cells in modules were reported, and a minimum.
Potential induced degradation of solar cells and panels, in proc. However, most of the photovoltaic modules already constructed are based on ptype silicon solar cells, and there are few studies on potential induced degradation pid in ntype solar cells. Financially, degradation of a pv module or system is equally important, because a higher degradation rate translates directly into less power produced and, therefore, reduces future cash flows 1. Pid or potential induced degradation is a problem that occurs on many photovoltaic panels when they are exposed to a negative voltage to ground. In situ monitoring of the accelerated performance degradation of. A mechanism of potential induced degradation pid delay effect by ultraviolet uv light irradiation during pid test for ptype crystalline silicon csi solar cells was proposed in this work. Ieee pingel berghold pid paper final correction for upload solon. Both of these modules are framed multicrystalline mcsi with glasspolymeric backsheet construction. Evaluation of potentialinduced degradation in crystalline. Overcoming degradation mechanisms in cdte solar cells final report july 1998 september 2001 national renewable energy laboratory 1617 cole boulevard golden, colorado 8040393 nrel is a u.
In order to clarify the degradation mechanism, numerical calculations were performed in the case of thunderstroke, based on the maxwells electromagnetic equations. Light degradation is a harmful effect that reduces the solar cell efficiency by several. Simulation suggests origin of potential induced degradation. Ntype siliconbased solar cells are currently being used for achieving high efficiency.
We compared degradation of solar cell parameters with that of the minoritycarrier lifetime measured on sister wafers of the solar cells. This paper is focusing on potential induced degradation pid of wafer based standard ptype. Pid impacts the ions of a solar cell and results in the degradation of the output of that cell. Understanding lightinduced degradation of csi solar cells. Overcoming degradation mechanisms in cdte solar cells. Review of lightinduced degradation in crystalline silicon. Lightactivated photocurrent degradation and selfhealing. The degradation occurs in solar energy systems and can be reversible or irreversible. Furthermore, inaccuracies in determined degradation rates lead directly to increased financial risk 2.
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